• Refractive correction (myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism):
• LASIK:
• A corneal flap is created, folded back, the tissue underneath is treated with a laser, and then the flap is replaced.

What is LASIK surgery?
LASIK (Laser-Assisted in Situ Keratomileusis) – laser keratomileusis. The essence of the technique is to change the cornea (the anterior layer of the eye shell) using a laser beam. It evaporates a certain amount of corneal tissue in layers, which allows you to change its optical strength. Due to this, the patients who underwent the intervention can see well and no longer need glasses and contact lenses.

Laser correction using the LASIK method allows for the effective elimination of such vision disorders as:

• Myopia (nearsightedness)
• Hyperopia (farsightedness)
• Astigmatism

The procedure is recommended for patients who do not want to use vision correction devices such as contact lenses or glasses.
Thanks to the LASIK method, you can enjoy your favorite activities, sports, communicate freely, and establish new relationships without experiencing any difficulties associated with poor vision..Correction allows you to forget about glasses and lenses for a long time.

LASIK laser vision correction is painless and safe. Тем не менее порекомендовать ее офтальмолог может не каждому пациенту. Это обусловлено тем, что вмешательство имеет некоторые ограничения.
Contraindications to vision correction using the LASIK method:

• dry eye syndrome
• viral/bacterial keratitis or conjunctivitis in the acute stage
• congenital cataracts
• operated retinal
• detachment subcompensated glaucoma
• small eyeball
• diameter of the cornea less than 10 mm
• corneal dystrophy
• autoimmune diseases in the acute stage
• diabetes mellitus
• pregnancy, lactation

Also, the intervention is not performed in underage patients with progressive myopia, insufficient thickness of the cornea.
Important! In the presence of the above contraindications and limitations, the decision to perform LASIK surgery in front of the eyes is made by the doctor. At the same time, it takes into account the patient's current condition, the presence of concomitant pathologies and a number of other important factors. After analyzing all the data obtained, the doctor may recommend a more modern vision correction technique.

LASIK surgery is not performed for:

• advanced glaucoma
• severe corneal dystrophy
• keratoconus
• severe proliferative diabetic retinopathy, dry eye syndrome

How do you prepare for LASIK surgery?
LASIK correction is performed exclusively after a full-fledged ophthalmological examination and computer diagnosis of the eye condition by an ophthalmologist. The doctor identifies possible contraindications and indications for intervention. The specialist determines all the necessary parameters of the visual organs. The patient submits the necessary set of tests for the intervention. It is usually required to provide the results of blood tests and lung X-rays.
If necessary, the patient is consulted by specialists of a narrow profile (endocrinologist, neurologist, etc.).
2 weeks before the intervention, it is recommended to stop wearing contact lenses. Immediately on the day of the operation, you need to wash your face and do not use decorative cosmetics, as their particles can cause irritation or infection of the manipulation area. Alcohol should also not be consumed, as it affects the condition of blood vessels and the patient's body as a whole.

Laser vision correction "LASIK" is carried out according to a specific algorithm, which involves several stages.
Preparatory
First, local anesthesia is administered. Pain relief is achieved with anesthetic drops. Then, an eyelid speculum is used to prevent blinking.
Direct intervention
The patient is placed on the operating table and asked to look at a glowing dot in front of him. The surgeon uses a microkeratome to mechanically cut a flap about 8 mm in diameter on the surface of the cornea. After that, it is opened like a lid. Thanks to this, it is possible to penetrate to the deep layers of the cornea.
Then a laser beam (excimer laser) is directed at the eye and a part of the corneal tissue is evaporated with it. This manipulation is aimed directly at achieving the correct anatomical shape. The refractive power of the cornea changes, so that the light is focused clearly on the retina, which, in turn, allows the patient to see without glasses.
After completing the basic actions, the flap returns to its place. There is no need for suturing. The flap is fixed independently.
LASIK vision correction for one eye takes only 3-5 minutes.. All the main procedures are then performed on the second eye. The patient experiences no pain or discomfort.
After the intervention, a follow-up examination of the patient is carried out. Thanks to him, the doctor monitors postoperative recovery. At the reception, the patient receives the necessary recommendations for the rehabilitation period and can go home. The ophthalmologist also sets the day for the next follow-up examination.

Improvement in visual acuity occurs in the first hours after surgery and is completely stabilized within a month.. However, in the first few hours after the intervention, the following unpleasant sensations and effects are possible:

• photophobia
• lacrimation
• pain
• sensation of foreign bodies in the eyes

These symptoms should not be feared. They are normal for the LASIK technique and represent a reaction to mechanical damage to the cornea, which has a large number of nerve endings. Drops prescribed in advance by a doctor usually help to reduce discomfort.
You should seek medical help only if your vision or general well-being deteriorate significantly.
During the period of vision recovery and stabilization after LASIK correction, it is necessary to:

• Avoid physical activity and sports.You should completely avoid strength training and contact sports. Morning exercises are acceptable.
• Refrain from drinking alcoholic beverages. This is because alcohol will delay the healing process of the cornea.
• Visual strain is not contraindicated, but it is necessary to follow the regime: Every 20 minutes, take a break for 1–2 minutes and look into the distance.
• Sleep on your back or side. This will prevent your eyes from coming into contact with bedding, reducing the risk of infection and injury.
• Avoid touching your eyes with your hands.
• Avoid using facial cosmetics for 2 weeks.
• Avoid heat treatments, saunas, and steam rooms.
• Wear sunglasses when outdoors. It's advisable to wear a hat with a visor during the first few days.

Important! Your doctor may recommend additional restrictions. Full vision restoration after LASIK correction is only possible if all of the above recommendations are followed.

Although the procedure is considered safe, a number of complications are possible after the procedure. Approximately 3% of patients experience these.
The main complications after LASIK vision correction include:

• Keratitis
• ingrowth of the epithelial layer under the corneal flap
• corneal flap displacement
• dry eye syndrome

All of these side effects can lead to further vision loss. If they are detected, a repeat surgery may be recommended.
What are the benefits of LASIK surgery?
The main advantages of the technique include:

• Minimal risk of scarring
• Rapid vision restoration
• Long-lasting results
• Outpatient procedure

The LASIK method allows you to forget about vision problems for a long time. The procedure is well-tolerated and does not require a lengthy recovery period. If the surgeon performs all procedures correctly and the patient follows the recommendations, the risk of side effects and complications is reduced.
Femto Lasik laser vision correction surgery Femto Lasik – This is a method of laser correction of refractive errors of the optical system of the eye. Femto Lasik vision correction technology occupies a leading position worldwide and is recognized as the "gold standard" in the field of refractive surgery.
The term stands for as follows:
Femto is derived from the name of the femtosecond laser used during surgery.
Lasik is an abbreviation of the English expression, which means "laser keratomileusis" in Russian.
Femto-Lasik laser vision correction is an operation involving two stages: at the first stage, an ophthalmologist uses a femtosecond laser to form the surface flap of the cornea; at the second stage, using an excimer laser, it affects the deeper layers of the cornea, giving them the desired shape. At the end of the procedure, the cornea flap is returned to its original place.
After femto lasik laser vision correction, vision becomes better, as during the operation the cornea, the natural lens of the eye, is given a different shape. This causes the cornea to refract light rays in a new way, they begin to focus on the retina and the image becomes clear and clear.

Myopia (nearsightedness), in which light rays are projected in front of the retina, so a person sees well up close, but poorly away. Theoretically, surgery can be performed with a deviation from the norm up to -15 D, but usually optometrists limit the possibility of correction to -10 D.
Hypermetropia (farsightedness) occurs due to the incorrect refraction of light rays falling behind the retina, as a result, the patient clearly sees objects in the distance and poorly up close. The operation is allowed up to +4 D
Astigmatism is a pathology associated with a violation of the shape of the eyeball, which causes a decrease in visual acuity. The correction is performed up to +3 D.

Femto-Lasik vision correction surgery is performed on an outpatient basis and does not require hospitalization.
Surveys To assess the patient's health and identify contraindications before surgery, the following laboratory and diagnostic tests are performed:

• Complete blood count and biochemistry.
• Urinalysis.
• HIV, syphilis, and hepatitis B/C antigen tests.
• ECG.
• Chest X-ray.

 Diagnostics of visual organs includes:

• Determining visual acuity, as well as the type and degree of impairment.
• Determining intraocular pressure.
• Measuring corneal thickness and curvature.

These data become the basis for computer programming of Femto Lasik laser vision correction parameters.
In Professor Trublin's clinic, expert-class equipment is used to identify the features of corneal topography, which makes it possible to detect the most initial signs of ocular pathologies and timely determine indications and contraindications for topo femto lasik laser vision correction surgery.
Preparing for Femto Lasik vision correction surgery During the preoperative period (2 weeks in advance), the patient should not wear contact lenses. The limitation is due to the fact that contact lenses cause capillaries to germinate into the corneal tissue, which can complicate Femto Lasik surgery.
On the day of the correction, the use of decorative cosmetics on the face, smoking, taking alcohol and medicines that dilute the blood is prohibited.
Progress of the operation The patient is placed on a special table under the laser installation.
Anesthetic drops are instilled into the eyes.
The eyes are fixed immobile with the help of dilators, which prevent blinking of the eyelids and movements of the eyeball.
A femtosecond laser automatically forms a corneal flap based on precisely calculated dimensions.
The formed thinnest layer of the cornea is pushed aside, and then the excimer laser begins to work. It simulates the new optical power of the cornea by changing its curvature to ensure accurate focusing of light rays on the retina. All manipulations are programmed and performed taking into account the individual characteristics of the patient's organ of vision.
After the operation is completed, the corneal flap is returned to its place. Sutures are not needed, as the layers of the cornea fit snugly together and fuse quickly.
Postoperative period After surgery, the patient is placed in a ward and his condition is monitored for 2 hours. During this period, the patient may experience unpleasant sensations in the area of the operated eyes: a burning sensation or the presence of a foreign body, increased lacrimation, hemorrhage, photophobia. This does not apply to complications – this is a normal reaction of the eye structures to surgery, which resolves on its own after a few hours.
After a follow-up eye examination and in the absence of complications, the patient is released home. Since a temporary decrease in visual acuity is possible, the patient should be accompanied by relatives on the trip.,
Doctor's recommendations during the rehabilitation period

• To avoid infection or displacement of the cornea, do not touch the eyes in the first days after surgery.
• It is necessary to regularly instill eye drops with antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and moisturizing effects as prescribed by a doctor.
• To prevent water from entering the eye area, it is advisable to refrain from washing and shampooing for 5-7 days.
• Eye makeup should not be applied for a week.
• In the first weeks after surgery, it is mandatory to wear sunglasses.
• Until the eye is completely healed and vision is restored, it is not allowed to visit saunas, baths, swimming pools, beaches, solariums.
• You should limit your activities to active sports, stop driving a car, and avoid overloading your eyesight when working with a computer, watching TV, and more.

Laser vision correction by the PRK method (photorefractive keratectomy) is one of the most reliable and proven methods in surgical ophthalmology. Using a high-precision excimer laser, the surgeon vaporizes the microscopic layer of the cornea to achieve its ideal geometry. As a result, the refraction of the light stream occurs in an optimal way, and the person sees much better.
Currently, this method is used in operations on a thin or flat cornea.
What is laser correction by the PRK method? The full name of the PRK is photorefractive keratectomy. This is the first ever surgical vision correction method using an excimer laser. The essence of the technique is fully reflected in the name: under the influence of a high-energy light beam, evaporation (removal) of tissues occurs with a change in the refractive power of the eye. This method of surgical correction is often chosen when the patient has a flat or rather тонкая роговица Other techniques may also be ineffective.
During the operation, only 5-10% of the thickness of the cornea is removed in cases of mild or moderate myopia and up to 30% in cases of severe myopia. This effect has been well developed, as it has been used for more than a decade. All the "pitfalls" are taken into account, professional training of specialists is carried out according to clearly established standards.

Excimer laser correction using the PRK method is used for almost all refractive errors:

• близорукость (миопия) up to -6 diopters;
• дальнозоркость (гиперметропия) up to +3 diopters;
• астигматизм from -0.5 to -3 diopters;

It is performed in cases where the patient has a thin cornea, excessively dilated pupils, or the eye structure does not allow the use of a microkerator.
PRK is optimally performed between the ages of 18 and 45.

Unfortunately, in some cases, such an operation cannot be performed for objective reasons. Obvious contraindications to PRK are:

• acute inflammatory processes of the visual organs;
• some infectious diseases;
• glaucoma;
• progressive myopia;
• cataract;
• pathological changes in the fundus;
• corneal dystrophy or degeneration;
• pathological processes in the retina;
• a number of endocrine diseases (especially diabetes mellitus);
• pregnancy;
• the period of breastfeeding a child;
• immunodeficiency conditions;
• autoimmune diseases;
• age up to 18 years, when the eye tissues are still forming.

Preparation for surgery The operation by the PRK method is a gentle and maximally safe vision correction. Nevertheless, this is a serious intervention in one of the most important organs, on which the quality of our lives directly depends. Therefore, the preparatory preoperative stage should be approached with all seriousness.: This will help reduce risks and facilitate rehabilitation.
First of all, you need to go through a full диагностическое обследование, which includes:

• detailed survey on existing diseases, eye condition in the past and in the present;
• determination of the type and degree of refractive error;
• obtaining a map, shape, and radius of curvature of the cornea surface, and measuring its thickness;
• measurement of intraocular pressure;
• examination of the anterior segment of the eye and fundus.

after the diagnosis, you will be given a list of tests (laboratory blood tests) required for delivery before surgery in order to exclude the presence of contraindications to laser intervention.
Your doctor will provide you with detailed recommendations and requirements for immediate preparation for surgery. For example, you will need to:

• refrain from drinking alcohol during the 3 days preceding the procedure;
• do not use decorative cosmetics or perfumes on the day of surgery;
• exclude the use of medications indicated by the doctor.;
• Do not use hard contact lenses for 3 weeks, soft contact lenses for 2 weeks.;
• to come to the operation in comfortable non-fluffy clothes without a high collar.

The whole process will take 10-15 minutes. Photorefractive keratectomy itself lasts only about a minute in one eye. Therefore, you will not have to stay in the operating room for a long time.
Preoperative preparation includes a follow-up examination by an ophthalmologist and the use of special anesthetic (analgesic) eye drops, which completely eliminate unpleasant sensations during laser exposure. Then the nurse will tell you the further algorithm of actions so that you feel calm and confident during the operation.